Our list will meet the needs of people looking for books in all areas of sciences and engineering, like physics, chemistry, mathematics, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering and so on. No registration or fee is required for most of the sites on our list, and books are available in ePub, Kindle, HTML, and simple text formats.
Most of our sites are non-profit online website for users to grab various kinds of eBooks, audio, videos, and more. They offers books from different platforms with different formats. You can type and search for your ideal book and find whether it is available in PDF. If so, you can download it for free. Click Here to Get eBooks. This websites you will find here are the best places to download any novel for free in pdf. Look here for bestsellers, favorite classics, and more. Books are available in several formats, and you can also check out ratings and reviews from other users.
The VK is a great go-to if you want access to novels and other motivational books. He reached between them, wrapping his long fingers around both their leaking cocks.
He tipped his head back and Arthur hummed approvingly, nipping his neck. The exquisite pricks of pain made Merlin shiver. The feeling of letting Arthur have him like this, letting Arthur do anything he wanted to him, knowing he would never use it to hurt him: it was new, overwhelming. It made him want to sink beneath the surface of whatever it was and make his home there.
It also messed with his magic. He could feel it now, sparking in arcs, just under his skin, luminous yellow bleeding into the edge of his vision. He probably had, because he was watching Merlin with a small, smug smile. Or maybe it was fond? Probably smug and fond. And it was that strong hand, hard against his lips, shushing him, gagging him, which tipped him over. He peeled his eyes open, and managed to focus.
The sight of Arthur took his breath away. With a filthy, wet, open-mouthed kiss, Merlin reached for his cock. Arthur was panting little gasps already as he lent towards Merlin, resting their foreheads together.
Merlin wanted to make Arthur feel the wave of pleasure that he just had. He built up a firm, fast rhythm that he knew would have Arthur tipping over the edge in no time. Arthur was too uncoordinated to kiss properly now and Merlin pulled back, watching his golden eyelashes flutter against his pink-flushed cheeks.
Just for him. He grew even harder and Merlin added a little twist to each stroke, sensing how close he was. It sounded like Julius Borden, the deputy headmaster. Merlin ignored him and frantically started mopping at the come on his shirt. Arthur was still just standing there, looking dazed, cock hard and red, trousers round his ankles. He pushed Merlin away and dressed himself, glaring at Merlin. Hand jobs in the toilets are practically on the curriculum. He hates me being here anyway.
Mr Borden was pounding on the door again. Merlin panicked. They were trapped. If he was on his own he could make himself invisible. In fact, he was pretty sure he could make them both invisible - but not without telling Arthur what he was doing. That was what he would have to do then. He looked at Arthur who was pouting and no, Merlin did not find it slightly adorable, even at a moment like this. He was obviously still feeling more concerned about being deprived of his orgasm, than he was about the risk of being caught.
It must be nice, Merlin thought, to be in the privileged position of knowing that your charm, and if not that, your money and your contacts, allow things like this to be seen as just a mishap, brushed under the carpet - maybe even to be looked back on with amusement. Whereas, for Merlin, their foolish, unnecessary indulgence, might well ruin his life.
Barrier for lacrimal fluid Medial palpebral ligaments a. Attach tarsal plates to medial margin of orbit b. Orbicularis oculi attaches to this ligament Lateral palpebral ligaments attach tarsal plates to lateral margin of orbit Orbital septum from tarsal plates to margins of orbit, continuous with periosteum of bony orbit Skin around the eyes devoid of hair except for eyelashes Are arranged in double or triple rows on the free edges of the eyelids Ciliary glands associated with eyelashes: sebaceous glands.
Larger orbital b. Smaller palpebral c. Covers posterior five sixths of eyeball b. Visible through conjunctiva is the white of the eye c. Pierced posteriorly by optic nerve Cornea a. Transparent part of fibrous coat b. Transmits light Middle vascular layer Choroid a.
Outer pigmented layer b. Inner vascular layer c. Lies between sclera and retina d. Lines most of sclera e. Terminates anteriorly as ciliary body Ciliary body a. Connects choroid with iris b. Contains smooth muscle that alters the shape of lens c. Folds on internal surface ciliary processes produce aqueous humor and attach to suspensory ligament of lens Iris a. Pigmented diaphragm with central aperture: the pupil b.
Contains smooth muscle that alters the size of the pupil to regulate the amount of light entering the eye c. Radial fibers of the dilator pupillae open the pupil d. Circular fibers of the sphincter pupillae close the pupil Inner retinal layer Consists of three parts Optic part 1 a.
Receives light b. Composed of two layers: inner neural layer and outer pigmented layer c. Inner neural layer contains photosensitive cells: rods for black and white and cones for color Ciliary and iridial parts 2 and 3 a. Continuation of pigmented layer plus a layer of supportive cells b. Cover ciliary body and posterior surface of retina Fundus a. Is posterior part of eye b. Small oval area of retina b. Contains concentration of photoreceptive cones for sharpness of vision c.
Contains aqueous humor Posterior chamber a. Between iris pupil anteriorly and lens and ciliary body posteriorly b. Contains aqueous humor Vitreous chamber a. Between lens and ciliary body anteriorly and retina posteriorly b. Lie in same horizontal plane b. Rotate eyeball laterally and medially, respectively Superior and inferior rectus 2 a. Lie in same vertical plane b. Pull eyeball superiorly and inferiorly, respectively Inferior oblique a.
Works with superior rectus b. Pulls eyeball superiorly and laterally Superior oblique a. Works with inferior rectus b. Pulls eyeball inferiorly and laterally Sheathed by reflection of fascial sheath around eyeball Tenon's capsule Medial and lateral check ligaments a. Triangular expansions of sheath of medial and lateral rectus muscles b. Attached to lacrimal and zygomatic bones c. Limit abduction and adduction Suspensory ligament a.
Union of check ligaments with fascia of inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles b. Branch of ophthalmic b. Runs within dural sheath of optic nerve c. Emerges at optic disc and branches over retina Posterior ciliary arteries a.
Branches of ophthalmic b. Six short to choroid c. Two long to ciliary plexus Anterior ciliary a. From muscular branches of ophthalmic b. It can be difficult to test each eye muscle individually. Ageneralist, however, can gain a general idea of extraocular muscle or nerve impairment by checking the ability of individual muscles to elevate or depress the globe with the eye abducted or adducted, thereby aligning the globe with the pull line of contraction of the muscle Ask patient to "Follow my finger with just your eyes" and move your finger in the form of the letter H.
Superior rectus is tested by moving your finger superiorly and medially to the eye to counteract the interaction of the inferior oblique a. Inferior rectus is tested by moving your finger inferiorly and medially to the eye to counteract the interaction of the superior oblique b. The medial and lateral rectus muscles are tested by moving your finder medially and laterally to the eye.
The inferior oblique is tested by moving your finger superiorly and laterally to the eye d. The inferior oblique is tested by moving your finger inferiorly and laterally to the eye. Remember that because all the muscles are involved in the continuous movement of the eye, it is difficult to isolate the action of just one with absolute clinical certainty via this test. Open angle-develops gradually with blocking of canal of Schlemm or obstruction of angle b. Closed angle-occurs rapidly when iris and lens block passage of aqueous humor through pupil Clinical Points Orbital "blow-out" Fractures Medial and inferior walls of orbit are very thin, so a blow to the eye can fracture the orbit Indirect trauma that displaces walls is called a "blow-out" fracture Fractures of medial wall may involve ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses Fracture of the floor may involved the maxillary sinus Fractures can result in intraorbital bleeding Blood puts pressure on eyeball, causing exophthalmos Blood and orbital structures can herniate into maxillary sinus Clinical Points page 58 page 59 Conjunctivitis Common condition often referred to as "pink eye" An inflammation of the conjunctiva Symptoms include redness, irritation, and watering of the eyes and sometimes discharge and itching Can be triggered by infection a.
Highly contagious b. Caused by bacteria or viruses c. Sexually transmitted diseases STDs , such as gonorrhoea and chlamydia, can cause it d. Viral conjunctivitis is common with several viral infections and can arise as a result of or during a common cold or flu Can be triggered by allergies a. More freqently occurs in children with other allergic conditions, e. Typically affects both eyes at the same time Can be triggered by an external irritant a.
Can be caused by pollutants such as traffic fumes, smoke b. Promontory: round projection overlying basal turn of cochlea b. Fenestra cochlea or round window Anterior wall Separates tympanic cavity from carotid canal Superiorly has opening of auditory tube and canal for tensor tympani Posterior wall Superiorly, aditus opening to mastoid antrum, connecting to mastoid air cells Between posterior wall and aditus, prominence of canal of facial nerve Pyramidal eminence a.
Tiny cone-shaped prominence b. Mucous membrane of tympanic cavity b. Mastoid antrum c. Mastoid air cells d. Spiral canal b. Bony core, the modiolus Canal spirals around modiolus Basal turn forms promontory of medial wall of tympanic cavity At basal turn, bony labyrinth communicates with subarachnoid space above jugular foramen via cochlear aqueduct Vestibule Small oval chamber Contains membranous utricle and saccule Oval window is on lateral wall Continuous with a. Cochlea anteriorly b.
Semicircular canals posteriorly Communicates with posterior cranial fossa via aqueduct of vestibule a. Contains membranous endolymphatic duct Semicircular canals Anterior, posterior, and lateral Set at right angles to each other in three planes Lie posterosuperior to vestibule Each opens into vestibule Swelling at one end of each canal: ampulla Contain membranous semicircular ducts Membranous labyrinth Collection of ducts and sacs Suspended within bony labyrinth Filled with endolymph Vestibular labyrinth Utricle a.
Has specialized area of sensory epithelium: macula b. Hairs respond to tilting of head and linear acceleration and deceleration Saccule a. Communicates with utricle b. Continuous with cochlear duct c. Contains macula, identical in structure and function to that of utricle Semicircular ducts a.
Within semicircular canals b. Each has ampulla at one end c. Ampullary crest in each ampulla senses movement of endolymph in plane of duct d. Detect rotational tilting movements of head Cochlear labyrinth Spiral ligament suspends cochlear duct from external wall of spiral canal Cochlear duct a. Triangular in shape b. Filled with endolymph c. Spans spiral canal, dividing it into two channels, each filled with perilymph d.
Two channels: scala tympani and scala vestibule, meet at apex of cochlea helicotrema e. Found on basilar membrane b. Covered by gelatinous tectorial membrane c. Contains hair cells-tips embedded in tectorial membrane d. Drains cerebral veins Confluence of sinuses sagittal sinus 2. Contains arachnoid villi and granulations for reabsorption CSF Inferior sagittal Lower free margin falx cerebri Joins great cerebral vein sinus forming straight sinus Straight sinus Junction falx cerebri and Formed by union great cerebral vein with inferior sagittal Confluence of sinuses tentorium cerebelli sinus Transverse Lateral margin tentorium 1.
Passes laterally from confluence of sinuses Sigmoid sinus sinus cerebelli 2. Left is usually larger Sigmoid sinus S-shaped course in temporal Continuation transverse sinus Internal jugular vein and occipital bones Cavernous Superior surface of body of 1. Receives superior and inferior ophthalmic and Superior and inferior sinus sphenoid, lateral to sella superficial middle cerebral veins and sphenoparietal petrosal sinuses turcica sinus 2.
CN V has three divisions: V1 and V2 are sensory, and V3 is both motor to skeletal muscle and sensory. The following table summarizes the types of fibers in each cranial nerve and where each passes through the cranium: Cranial nerves emerge through foramina or fissures in the cranium Twelve pairs Numbered in order of origin from the brain and brain stem, rostral to caudal Contain one or more of six different types of fibers Motor fibers to voluntary muscles Somatic motor fibers to striated muscles 1 a.
Orbit b. Tongue c. Carry sensation from viscera b. Thyrohyoid muscle b. Omohyoid b. Sternohyoid c. Usually one-sided and can affect a division of CN V, usually the mandibular, maxillary nerve.
Pain can be triggered by touching a sensitive area "trigger point" The cause is not usually known Treatment is directed to controlling the pain. Ocular Nerve Palsy Alesion of the oculomotor nerve will paralyze all extraocular muscles except the lateral rectus and the superior oblique. Ascends on pharynx b. Send branches to pharynx, prevertebral muscles, middle ear, and cranial meninges Superior thyroid a.
Gives rise to superior laryngeal artery supplying larynx Lingual a. Passes deep to hypoglossal nerve, stylohyoid muscle, and posterior belly of digastric b. Disappears beneath hyoglossus muscle and becomes deep lingual and sublingual arteries Facial a. Branches to tonsil, palate, and submandibular gland b. Hooks around middle of mandible and enters face Occipital a. Passes deep to posterior belly of the digastric b.
Grooves base of skull c. Supplies posterior scalp Posterior auricular a. Passes posteriorly between external acoustic meatus and mastoid process b.
Supplies muscles of region, parotid gland, facial nerve, auricle, and scalp Maxillary a. Larger of two terminal branches b. Branches supply external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, dura mater and calvaria, mandible, gingivae and teeth, temporal pterygoid, masseter, and buccinator muscles Superficial temporal a. Smaller terminal branch b.
Supplies temporal region of scalp Carotid Branch Course and Structures Supplied Superior thyroid Supplies thyroid gland, larynx, and infrahyoid muscles Ascending pharyngeal Supplies pharyngeal region, middle ear, meninges, and prevertebral muscles Lingual Passes deep to hyoglossus muscle to supply the tongue Facial Courses over the mandible and supplies the face Occipital Supplies SCM and anastomoses with costocervical trunk Posterior auricular Supplies region posterior to ear Maxillary Passes into infratemporal fossa described later Superficial temporal Supplies face, temporalis muscle, and lateral scalp page 79 page 80 Subclavian artery Branch of aortic arch on the left From brachiocephalic trunk on the right Enters neck between anterior and posterior scalene muscles Supplies upper limbs, neck and brain Divided for descriptive purposes into 3 parts, in relation to the anterior scalene muscle First part a.
Medial to the anterior scalene b. Has three branches Second part a. Posterior to the anterior scalene b. Has one branch Third part a. Lateral to anterior scalene b. Has one branch Subclavian Branch Course Part 1 Vertebral Ascends through C6-C1 transverse foramina and enters foramen magnum Internal thoracic Descends parasternally to anastomose with superior epigastric artery Thyrocervical trunk Gives rise to inferior thyroid, transverse cervical, and suprascapular arteries Part 2 Costocervical trunk Gives rise to deep cervical and superior intercostal arteries Part 3 Dorsal scapular Is inconstant; may also arise from transverse cervical artery Venous drainage Superficial veins External jugular vein EJV Drains most of scalp and side of face Formed at angle of mandible by union of retromandibular vein with posterior auricular vein Enters posterior triangle and pierces fascia of its roof Descends to terminate in subclavian vein Receives a.
Transverse cervical vein b. Suprascapular vein c. Muscles that are readily visible are trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and teres major.
The patient is placed in the left decubitus position, flexed in the fetal posture with the supracristal line vertical. The secondary curvatures are mainly a result of anterior-posterior differences in IV disc thickness. The cervical curvature is acquired when the infant begins to lift its head, and the lumbar curvature when the infant begins to walk. Abnormal curvatures: Kyphosis is an increased thoracic curvature, commonly seen in the elderly "Dowager hump". It is usually caused by osteoporosis, resulting in anterior vertebral erosion or a compression fracture.
An excessive lumbar curvature is termed a lordosis and is seen in association with weak trunk muscles, pregnancy, and obesity. Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, accompanied by rotation of the vertebrae. Spondylolisthesis: The lumbosacral angle is created between the long axes of the lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum. It is primarily because of the anterior thickness of the L5 body. As the line of body weight passes anterior to the SI joints, anterior displacement of L5 over S1 may occur spondylolisthesis , applying pressure to the spinal nerves of the cauda equina.
They drain into the valveless vertebral venous plexus. The anesthetic solution spreads superiorly to act on spinal nerves S2-Co. The height to which the anesthetic ascends is affected by the amount of solution injected and the position of the patient. Spinal block: Introduction of an anesthetic directly into the CSF in the subarachnoid space utilizing a lumbar puncture see above. Subsequent leakage of CSF may cause a headache in some individuals. Radiation to back of the thigh and into the leg sciatica or focal neurology suggests radiculopathy.
Back strain: Stretching and microscopic tearing of muscle fibres or ligaments, often because of a sport-related injury. The muscles subsequently go into spasm as a protective response causing pain and interfering with function.
This is a common cause of low back pain. Frequently caused by impacts from the rear in motor vehicle accidents.
May cause herniation of the IV disc and subsequent radiculopathy. The thoracic cage protects the contents of the thorax, whereas the muscles assist in breathing. It is important to identify and count ribs as they form key landmarks to the positions of the internal organs. Midaxillary lines are perpendicular lines through the apex of the axilla on both sides Cephalic vein can be seen in some subjects lying in the deltopectoral groove between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles.
This is called a median sternotomy. The middle ribs are most commonly fractured, and multiple rib fractures can manifest as a "flail chest," where the injured region of the chest wall moves paradoxically, that is, in on inspiration and out on expiration.
The glands are rudimentary in males and immature females. Size and shape of the adult female breast varies; the size is determined by the amount of fat surrounding the glandular tissue.
Download a wrinkle in time Yify Movie Torrent: Following the discovery of a new form of space travel as well as Megs fathers disappearance, she, her brother, and her friend must join three m.
A Wrinkle in Time. Book Title:A Wrinkle in Time.
0コメント